Spyware
Stop spyware
Don’t let strangers get inside your computer
Spyware is an insidious threat to privacy and can result in financial fraud. It is also a huge pain to live with. What is spyware? Spyware is like a virus in that it is an unwanted program that runs on your computer. However, it does not try to replicate itself to other machines. Infection usually occurs when it is installed alongside another program such as a peer to peer file sharing application. However, increasingly, spyware is blending with viruses making it harder to eradicate and harder to avoid. There are different types of spyware. At one end of the spectrum, adware is designed to get you to visit commercial websites, typically for gambling and porn. It can, for example:
- Pop-up unwanted adverts, including offensive material.
- Download adverts from the internet, taking up your bandwidth.
- Hijack your browser so that new menus appear or your default home page or search page is changed.
- Put new icons on your desktop.
More sinister versions of adware will:
- Block access to certain websites.
- Try to get you to shut down anti-virus or anti-spyware defences.
- Block updates to these defences.
- Be extremely hard or impossible to remove.
- Track your online activities in an effort to send you more adverts.
Surveillance spyware is the most extreme version. In common with some viruses, spyware can:
- Scan your hard disk for private data such as credit card numbers.
- Log the keys you type scanning for passwords or credit card numbers.
- Take screen shots of the sites you visit to capture personal information.
- Upload this information to criminals over the internet.
The whole point of spying on people is to remain undetected. The very worst kinds of spyware tend to operate in stealth mode and you may not even know you have them. It is not uncommon for unprotected PCs to have several different types of spyware running simultaneously. Often spyware applications are badly written and interfere with the computer’s operating system, making the computer slow or prone to crashing. Why do people make spyware? To make money, either by collecting referral fees on adverts or by exploiting stolen information like credit card numbers.
Why stop spyware?
Spyware can:
- Let strangers see what you are doing online.
- Weaken your computer’s defences.
- Make you a target for online criminals.
- Make your computer slow and unreliable.
- Clearing up a spyware infection can be very troublesome.
In short, you should treat a spyware infection as if it were a serious virus infection. As with viruses, prevention is always easier than cure.
How to stop spyware
Download with caution
Some spyware is installed alongside advertising-funded programs downloaded from the internet. So:
- Wherever possible, buy reputable software from reputable companies.
- If you download free software from the internet, exercise caution and download it from trusted websites that operate a no-spyware policy, such as download.com.
- Be especially wary of programs that appear to be pirated or distributed over peer-to-peer file sharing networks.
- Be wary of ‘free’ programs that might be paid for by advertising.
- Be wary of ‘free’ programs that offer to install additional programs during the install process.
- Read the small print on licences for programs you download from the internet to make sure that you aren’t giving permission for adware to be installed on your computer.
- Be careful about the websites you visit. Avoid dodgy sites because these can also install spyware.
- Sometimes spyware will advertise so-called spyware removal programs. This is a kind of extortion and you should stick to trusted anti-spyware applications (see below for more details).
Use anti-spyware software
Anti-spyware programs operate like anti-virus programs. They scan for known signatures and prevent new infections. The following companies (among others) supply anti-spyware software:
For a longer list of anti-spyware software, see DMOZ’s directory. In addition, anti-virus software is increasingly being designed to catch spyware. However, you should not rely on anti-virus software alone.